LIFE EXAMINATION PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The role of accounting system in the UK for motivation Dissertation

The job of bookkeeping framework in the UK for inspiration - Dissertation Example Relevantly, bookkeeping used to be a capacity that is just centered around its capacity to get ready budget reports to mirror the present condition of the organization to empower the supervisor of the last to settle on cool headed choices comparative with their legitimate working. These days, the bookkeeping framework has developed to oblige one significant capacity: to give data important to business arranging, dynamic and control. The significance of the bookkeeping calling has been underscored by the dynamism and intensity of the business condition. In such manner, there is a most extreme need for business methodologies to concentrate on the advancement of different instruments and models for the arrangement of fiscal reports by which appropriate data are acquired. Bookkeeping currently is a fundamental piece of key arranging and control. What's more thereto, it is additionally through the improvement of bookkeeping frameworks that the job of the bookkeepers inside a specific asso ciation is guaranteed. The significance of bookkeeping frameworks is additionally underscored by the need to screen the jobs of bookkeepers as they play out their capacities (Broadbent and Laughlin 2005). Strikingly, writing has featured the nearness of the supposed review desires hole wherein the bookkeepers and inspectors have not so much had the option to follow the desires for their budgetary clients. Review desires hole is basically characterized as that irregularity between the way the clients of budget reports anticipate that their bookkeepers should play out their obligations opposite the way the last really agrees to what anticipated from them. Concisely, the nearness of the review desires hole can be harming to the whole calling. It has been expressed that the review desires hole decreases the degree of trust managed by the clients of fiscal summaries to their bookkeepers and evaluators. Coming up next are normally the desires that the clients of fiscal reports have regard ing their bookkeepers: (1) the requirement for bookkeepers to perform warning jobs, (2) the significance of undertaking fashioner jobs, and (3) the need to satisfy killer jobs. Then again, in playing out the review work, the bookkeeper is likewise expected to: (1) distinguish extortion, regardless of how huge or little it is; (2) to give early discovery flags that show the condition of the organization; most particularly as respects to whether it is near the precarious edge of chapter 11; (3) to guarantee freedom in the inspecting procedure; and finally, (4) the need to forestall the material errors in the fiscal reports. It is subsequently in such manner, that the requirement for bookkeeping frameworks has been by and by underscored as the previous has the ability to address the said lacks. The breakdown of significant enterprises, for example, Enron because of monetary outrages has in like manner required the improvement of the jobs of the bookkeepers. Obviously, the breakdown of the said partnerships has been achieved by the way that it has neglected to guarantee the correct arrangement of budget summaries. Taking into account this, it has been proposed that the bookkeeping procedure be joined inside the Corporate Governance Initiatives to guarantee responsibility, straightforwardness and better dynamic. Consequently, once more, the advancement of bookkeeping frameworks

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory

How the Chunking Technique Can Help Improve Your Memory Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Chunking Pieces of Information Can Improve Memory By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Robert Nicholas / OJO Images / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Chunking is a term referring to the process of taking individual pieces of information (chunks) and grouping them into larger units. By grouping each piece into a large whole, you can improve the amount of information you can remember. Probably the most common example of chunking occurs in phone numbers. For example, a phone number sequence of 4-7-1-1-3-2-4 would be chunked into 471-1324. By separating disparate individual elements into larger blocks, information becomes easier to retain and recall. This is due mainly to how limited our  short-term memory can be. While some research suggests people are capable of storing between five and nine units of information, more recent research posits that short-term memory has a capacity for about four chunks of information. 10 Unforgettable Facts About Memory Why Chunking Is Useful for Improving Memory According to neuroscientist Daniel Bor, author of The Ravenous Brain: How the New Science of Consciousness Explains Our Insatiable Search for Meaning, chunking represents our ability to hack the limits of our memory. Chunking allows people to take smaller bits of information and combine them into more meaningful, and therefore more memorable, wholes. Bor argues that our natural tendency to see patterns and make connections is not just important for memory, but that it is also the source of creativity. As Steve Jobs once famously suggested, Creativity is just connecting things. How to Use Chunking to Remember Things The next time you are trying to remember items from a list, start by forming smaller groups. If you are working with a list of vocabulary words, for example, you might create small groups of words that are similar or related to one another. A shopping list might be broken down into smaller grouping based on whether the items on the list are vegetables, fruits, dairy or grains. Chunking can be used as an everyday memory enhancer, but researchers have also found that you can improve your ability to effectively chunk information. Bor relates the story of one participant in a memory experiment who challenged himself to improve the number of items he could remember. While he was initially able to remember seven items, he was able to increase this to 80 units of information over the course of 20 months. The student described in the above experiment devoted an hour a day, approximately four days a week for nearly two years to achieve it. While you might not be able to devote such intense concentration to improving your memory, there are things that you can do to make the most of your brains natural tendency to seek patterns and group information. Effective Chunking Techniques Practice: Challenge yourself to remember lists of things, whether it’s your grocery list, vocabulary words or important dates. As you become better at remembering larger chunks of information, continue to challenge yourself to remember even more.Look for Connections: As you are creating groupings, look for ways to relate units to each other in meaningful ways. What do the items share in common? You might group items together because they are each spelled with four letters, because they start with the same letter or because they share a similar purpose.Associate: Linking groups of items to things from your memory can also help make things more memorable. You might be more likely to remember that you need eggs, baking soda, and chocolate chips if you associate the items with the delicious cookies that your mother used to make.Incorporate Other Memory Strategies: For example, you might use mnemonics as a way to chunk different units of information. If you are going to the grocery stor e and need bananas, eggs, nectarines, and tea you can create a word out of the first letters of each item you needâ€"BENT. Once you remember the keyword, you will then be better able to recall the items represented by each letter of the acronym. Chunking certainly is not a cure-all for memory problems, but it can be an effective tool in your memory improvement arsenal. By practicing chunking methods regularly and incorporating this technique in your study habits, you might find that you are able to remember more. 11 Ways to Improve Your Memory

A Research Study On Global Warming - 5887 Words

Abstract Oil majors are caught in a dilemma between being reactive or proactive in facing the rising urgency of climate change mitigation. Action on global warming mandates leaves oil companies no choice but to divest their assets in the carbon-intensive oil industry and shift their interest to low-carbon energy portfolios, their corporate strategies will have to either gamble on maximizing short-term profits in oil production while facing increasing climate change risks, or adapt their strategies in response to such risks and gain the advantage of a head start in low-carbon economy. This study examines an array of drivers in an attempt to model oil majors’ behaviour in addressing climate change, and what incentives that would trigger a shift in their interest towards a greener energy portfolio. In doing so, the study creates synthesis for each of these factors in case-specific situations for a number of the biggest oil majors. These factors include internal, regional and economic driv ers that are examined in literature historically, as well as a contemporary perspective on surfacing challenges such as the declining Energy Return on Energy Invested ratio, especially for unconventional oil production, and what the implications will be for the oil industry. The Challenge (Intro.) The IPCC 5th report on climate change dictates we may have hit the no-return mark before action of climate change becomes too late, with a high degree of agreement, it is clear that we live in aShow MoreRelatedThe Future Effects of Global Warming1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Future Effects of Global Warming Introduction After several years of scientific debate over the existence of global warming, most experts now agree that global warming exists and may have devastating effects on Earth’s climate. Global warming will influence and/or cause heat waves, polar ice caps melting, flooding, extinction, and droughts. Social, Historic and Intellectual Context of the Study The existing research literature suggests that global warming is going to greatly affect theRead MoreEssay about Human Caused Global Warming1277 Words   |  6 Pages At first thought the essay topic global warming, seemed simple. After researching many sites, such as National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), University studies, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) studies, Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), and more, global warming is very complicated. It hinges on many factors, solar activity, deforestation, increase in carbon dioxide from forest floors, obliquity (change in axil tilt of Earth), volcanoRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Global warming refers to an incremental in earth’s temperature. Some believes this is occurring naturally but the prevailing view attributes climate change to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the warming resulting from certain gases such as carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere trapping heat. These gases traps heat but let light in, similarly to the glass walls of a greenhouse. The general belief is that mankind are chiefly responsible for global warming becauseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome people say global warming is caused by human activity, others say global warming doesn’t even exist. Some people claim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, asRead MoreReview of The Great Global Warming Swindle1281 Words   |  6 Pages The Great Global Warming Swindle has been the most widely watched documentary critical of the scientific consensus that climate change is due to anthropogenic activities. Aired in 2007 in the United Kingdom, the documentary claimed to debunk the â€Å"myth† of manmade global climate change, exposing it as a vast conspiracy designed to gain funding for research and push an environmental agenda that is especially harmful to the developing world. Directed by British producer Martin Durkin, the documentaryRead MoreDoes Global Warming Effect Hurricane Frequency and Intensity?1489 Words   |  6 PagesDebates over the impact of global warming on weather patterns around the globe have been the source of intense scrutiny in recent years. One such debate that has seen increased attention in the scientific community is: What impact does global warming have on hurricane frequency and intensity? Since the especially intense hurricane season in 2005 that spawned the devastating storms of â€Å"Katrina† and â€Å"Rita† this question has spawned a lot of media attention as well. However before we can even beginRead MoreThe Debate On Global Climate Change1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate on global climate change argues that human-generated greenhouse gas emissions are too small to substantially change the earth’s climate and that the planet is capable of absorbing those increases. It is contended that warming over the 20th century resulted primarily from natural processes such as fluctuations in the sun s heat and ocean currents. But the theory of human-caused global climate change is based on questionable measurements, faulty climate models, and misleading science. InRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1444 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases that collect in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up. (â€Å"11 Facts About Global Warming†) Gases such as natural and manmade are trapped in the atmosphere causes the Earth’s surface become warmer. The world is affected by the dangers of global warming, and the major contributor to global warming among the greenhouse gases is CO2 emission. (Chiroma)Read MoreDoes Global Warming Effect Hurricane Frequency and Intensity? 907 Words   |  4 Pages In order to even begin to answer the question posed by the title of the paper we must first explore what a hurricane is and how it is formed. We must also examine what is meant by the term global warming. Firstly hurricanes are formed over warm ocean waters of at least 26.5 ºC through depths of at least 45m where there is a high Coriolis Effect such as there is just north and south of the equator. (Moran, 2011) Hurricanes begin as smaller storms called tropical disturbances, if there is sufficientRead MoreProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change1322 Words   |  6 PagesProject Proposal: Effects of Climate Change The final research paper generated from the Project Proposal: Effects of Climate Change will discuss the question, what Americans can do to reduce climate change health effects? Various research publications by credible sources advise, global warming climate change has an affect on human health. Climate change and the impact on human health can be connected through direct or indirect variables. The Importance I feel as though if we start at a young

Family Therapy And Substance Abuse - 1524 Words

Abstract Family therapy is needed in so many aspects whether its trauma, substance, abuse or marital counseling. It doesn’t matter if it’s for adolescents in the family or adults. It’s important that a clinician is knowledgeable about family therapy and the best approaches to assist the family in becoming functional. Keywords: Family therapy; adolescents; substance abuse Introduction The clinician interviewed is Sara Gavin, Director of Behavioral Health of CommuniCare Health Centers of Yolo County. They provide services in Davis, California; Woodland, California; and West Sacramento, California. CommuniCare Health Centers is a Federally Qualified Health and it has been providing health care since 1972. The goal of the program†¦show more content†¦The behavioral health department (BHD) offers adult services, adolescent services, family services and Integrated behavioral health. BHD is staffed by over 50 employees and generally 5-7 student interns. To find out more about the center you can check out their website at: http://www.communicarehc.org/View_webpage.asp?Title=Home. Interview The clinician interviewed was Sara Gavin, Director of Behavioral Health. She is a Licensed Family Therapist (LMFT48348) and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC677). Ms. Gavin obtained her Masters of Mental Health Counseling from Boston College. She has been working with families for over ten years providing services to families struggling with substance abuse and training in trauma. Therapy is offered to clients/patients ages 4 and older. The Multicultural/population of clients/patients receiving services are as follows: 50% Hispanic/Latino; 28% Caucasian; 8% Asian; 4% African American/Black; 1% Native American, and 3% other. The services provided in Behavioral Health are adult substance treatment, Dual Diagnosis, Perinatal, Adolescence, Mental Health, Child Development Intervention program, Parenting/Family Counseling, Co-Parenting, HIV case management, Functional Family Therapy Evidence Based Model, Special Intervention for trauma focused,

Network Security And Its General Challenges Information Technology Essay Free Essays

Network security is by and large considered as giving protection for the organisation by maintaining far from the hackers. Information security chiefly focuses on protecting the informations resource from malware onslaughts or simple errors which are done by people in administration with aid of DLP techniques. Information security means protecting information from the unauthorized users, the two footings information security and computing machine security and information confidence which are frequently used otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Network Security And Its General Challenges Information Technology Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These all Fieldss which are interrelated and portion some common ends of protecting confidentiality, unity and handiness. Governments, corporations, military, infirmaries, fiscal establishments, and some private concerns. Huge sum of confidential information about all their specific employees, merchandises, clients and research. All these information will be collected with processed and shop computing machines and besides can be transmitted across all other web.protecting confidential information is really of import in concern demand and in all instances an ethical and legal demand should be done. The cyberspace adventurer has thrall down to one and many security exposures and some of these exposures like spyware, computing machine viruses and adware are made possible by exploitable mistakes and bugs in the architecture of internet adventurer. The mistakes may be as Spyware which is installed in computing machines in which of import information will be copied without our cognition and this sort of malware is really difficult to observe. Adware as good is one of malwares which is in the signifier of advertizement on computing machine when you are downloading anything on the system.lastly Computer virus is one of the viruses which are created by computing machine itself. Software security is most of import for consumers, sellers because aggressors that create onslaughts even may do reasonably big consecutive effects and when all these onslaughts has been discovered so required package is sold for the consumers depending on the exposures. Decision: As tonss of information available at web services i.e. World Wide Web and these are successful in supplying services to all the user with the aid of web security that provides all the benefits of utilizing a safe web entree and uninterrupted informations transmittal between both the terminal devices. Machine surviving has been changed because of addition of internet population It figures out, all the relevant information sing the user at client side and hints out web sites accessed during the web session. How to cite Network Security And Its General Challenges Information Technology Essay, Essay examples

Incomplete Contracts Essay Example

Incomplete Contracts Essay Milgrom and Roberts highlight at the end of the paper possible directions that study into the economic theory of the firm should take: A. Incomplete Contracts: relational contracts are only one way of replacing traditional formal long hand contracts. Another possibility is frequent short-term contracts that constantly change as conditions dictate. These short-term complete contracts can cover a surprisingly large array of conditions and therefore the cost of such contacts not the limitations of the contracts that are the associated market cost. However, the costs associated with the constant updating of such contracts can be greater than one long-term contract. In addition, they may not hold if monetary incentives are of limited effectiveness or asymmetric information at the time of renegotiation prevents the smooth negotiation of an efficient agreement. Milgrom and Roberts propose further investigation into short-term contracting and its limitations. B. Bargaining Theory: recent attempts have been made to understand the inefficiencies of bargaining resulting from asymmetric information. However, this has been limited to trying to develop appropriate equilibrium concepts and proving existence. Suggestions are made that future study should focus on an understanding of the relative efficiencies of bargaining in different contexts. C. Reputations: As discussed earlier firms will attempt alleviate opportunism by way of reputation. They may forgo reputation with one customer to necessitate better future transactions in the future. A focus of future study could be how reputations are formed, used, and lost. D. We will write a custom essay sample on Incomplete Contracts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Incomplete Contracts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Incomplete Contracts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Influence Activities and Rent Seeking: Popular economic theory shows that government intervention in an economy causes inefficiencies. This has been extended to analyse the diseconomies resulting from centralisation of authority in firms. This seems to warrant a branch into two directions. Firstly, to further analyse the theory of influence in the firm. Secondly, to further investigate rent seeking in markets, courtrooms and boardrooms. E. Ownership, Residual Returns or Residual Rights: Further study is warranted on the issue of organisational ownership. Refining the definitions of what ownership means and whether that meaning is situation dependant could answer many questions from corporate take-overs to employment practices. F. Adapting to Uncertainty: Galbraith (1977) formulated ideas relating to organisational design. He posited that an organisations design related to the allowance of adapting to uncertainty in its environment. They can adapt by processing more information (vertical and lateral communication systems) or by reducing the need to process information (environmental management, creation of slack resources and creation of self contained resources). This framework opens up the possibility of looking into price theoretic changes in organisational form and showing the optimal mix of the above adaptations. G. Planning and Budgeting: Iterative planning, more specifically relating to the nature of communication needed in the price system economisation in the planning and control processes. Considering the massive resource allocation in planning and budgeting in many firms, it seems that this area requires further investigation. Question 2 C Describes the theories of corporate culture presented in Hermalin (1999). Hermalin in his article on theories of corporate culture critically analyses the work of four other economists on the subject of culture in firms. He attempts to show how culture can be incorporated into economic theory and aid existing theory in explaining firms capabilities and performance. The four economists that he analyses are Kreps, Cremer, Hodgson and Lazear. Often economists dismiss culture when analysing firms or industries but Hermalin believes it is something that is worthy of study and something that can aid existing economic theory and empirical evidence. KREPS (1990) Kreps believes that fundamental understanding of corporate culture is necessary for understanding how firms implement strategy. He also believes that economists are now suitably armed to study culture and presents the reader with the outline of theory thus far. The first analysis is on Kreps model first introduced in 1990. In his model, Kreps presents many examples and theories surrounding organizational behaviour. Kreps believes there are a few main ingredients that are built into corporate culture. The first is Formal Contracts. Kreps shows that formal contracts can be too costly and in many cases given all the different contingencies are unfeasible. The second is the fact that firms are repeat players. Formal contracts are one way to induce play between two players that would otherwise not engage and the other is repeat play. Any deviation from fair play in one period can be punished by non-cooperation in the next period. A necessary condition of this is one of the players being able to play in multiple periods. Companies and their bosses are by necessity are multiple period players and therefore repeat play is a way of non-formalization by contracts. Hermalin recognizes that these factors including formal contracts and repeated play go a long way to describe, predict and analyse the behaviour of firms and their respective employees both junior and senior. However, more importantly, he manages to identify two factors that actually introduce culture into the equation. These are Multiple Equilibriums and Unforeseen Contingencies. Multiple equilibriums is simply recognition that repeated games have many stable outcomes and some co-ordination of players choices is needed as to which equilibrium prevails. Kreps presents a two player two possibility game where a junior and senior of a particular firm are involved and analyses how corporate culture can affect each players decision-making and therefore possible outcomes. He first looks at the cultural norm of juniors deferring to seniors. If no such culture exists, it would be impossible for us or the players involved to predict the decisions or outcomes in such a game and therefore the culture reduces the risk of the potentially disastrous situation. Culture increases the predictability of the players actions. Hermalin highlights that contracts can be used to formalise decisions but as these can ultimately be more costly than culture, and in many ways could be unverifiable, they are in fact mostly unfeasible. Multiple equilibriums can therefore provide a role for cultural norms to replace the need for formal contracting. Unforeseeable contingencies are then brought into play. Again, these are, in the majority uncontractable and the writing and rewriting of these contracts will be too costly. Nevertheless, a culture of juniors deferring to seniors could possibly rule out the disastrous consequences of either no culture or hostile play. It must be noted that culture can go some way to eliminate these unfavourable consequences of unforeseen contingencies it by no means guarantees the optimal equilibrium. Kreps shows that these unforeseen contingencies add some flavour to the debate surrounding culture and hints that multiple equilibriums are the only prerequisite for the appearance of an influential culture. Hermalin goes on to discuss cultural difference in companies from differing countries in the same industry. He uses the example from Okuno-Fujiwara (1994) and Morita (1998). This shows that American firms and Japanese firms in the same industry faced with the same multiple equilibriums may choose different outcomes dependant on their different culture. This is an example of national culture but it is something that will definitely have an affect on corporate culture. This raises the large issue of actually where corporate culture comes from. Do firms rely on incorporation of national culture or do they foster their own? Creating this culture is costly and it can be seen that firms often rely on prevailing national cultures, which seem, on the surface, to be very weak, in fact have large consequences for the behavioral decisions of its employees. Hermalin then talks about Kreps work in terms of unforeseen contingencies unrelated to multiple equilibriums that he sees as the basis of his work. He summarizes Kreps work by stating that repeated play in a game could be a substitute for contracting. Repeated play is a less costly way of introducing cooperative behavior and is in fact not a perfect substitute but in most cases infinitely more desirable. This is unrelated to culture however, culture is related to the actions or decisions that employees make in these repeated games. Simply if analyzing as Kreps does what constitutes fair treatment or exploitation by managers/bosses then culture will be the benchmark by which that is calculated or measured. It also goes further to measure or show what constitutes cooperative play in Kreps game and the future rewards/future cooperation associated with this as well as non-cooperative play and the associated punishments/ withholding of future cooperation. Therefore culture ultimately rules out all unforeseen contingencies ex ante or substitutes for them. So Kreps essentially has two theories relating to culture. Firstly that culture ensures coordination in repeated games. The actual outcome is essentially irrelevant it is just that there is coordination as the cultural environment that the players are in dictates this. Secondly that it substitutes for unforeseen contingencies ex ante as analysis and contaractualising these would prove too costly and ultimately unfeasible.