How is Esperanzas identity shaped by her community - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 416 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The House on Mango Street Essay Did you like this example? In Sandra Cisnerosrs novel, The House on Mango Street, the motif of community is presented throughout the whole book. Esperanza, the main character, goes through a lot of things and is affected by the people within the community to help her mature, and grow. Esperanzars community help forms the way how mature she is. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How is Esperanzas identity shaped by her community?" essay for you Create order Esperanza talks about a kid named, Darius, who chases girls with firecrackers or a stick that touched a dead rat and thinks he is tough. (33) Esperanza talks about Darius who lives on Mango Street and describes what he is like. What this means is Darius is shown to be an immature person different to Esperanza who probably doesnt want to be like Darius and this changes her by being more able and mature for her age. Esperanzars maturity changed by the way the community around her moves. To start, Esperanzars community helps her grow. Ever since Esperanza was young she has been moving around from house to house, never being able to call her house a home. We didnt always live on Mango Street. Before that, we lived on Loomis on the third floor, and before that, we lived on Keeler. Before Keeler it was Pauling, and before that, I cant remember. (pg. 3) This shows how often Esperanza and her family moved. I believe that this was hard on her and her family. This helps Esperanza grow because she has to persevere through constantly having to meet new people and starting a new life in so many new communities. Another way that it helped her grow as she had to learn and realize that that was the way it was going to be and there wasnt anything she could do about it. It taught her that sometimes in life there are things you cant control and you just have to learn how to be happy with the way things are. It also teaches her to never give up. It is probably tiring for her and her family to move than often and they easily could have just given up on trying to find a home. A way that this could have directly impacted Esperanzars life is she would have had to work hard as she grows up. Esperanza is affected by the community making her more mature and help grow her in many ways. The community is able to make you change in many ways as you grow. The people and things around help create the person you are able to be.

The American Revolution And The Civil War - 956 Words

Hello Mom I know I haven’t sent you a letter in the past but I figured now was better then ever. I am finishing up a my semester in my religion class and there is a lot I want to share with you. Between the American Revolution in 1776 and the Civil War in 1840 a lot changed in American religion. There are three major religious movements during that time period I would love to tell you about, they are, the birth Shakers and the Pleasant Hill Community, the birth of Mormons with Joseph Smith, and the story of â€Å"How the American Revolution Agreed to Differ over Religion†. I hope you find these topics as important and interesting as I do. In 1774 Mother Ann Lee founded a utopian society in Europe, later to be known as Shakers (Shaker Presentation). Immediately after her founding she moved to America in order to escape religious persecution. Once in America the large religious market place gave the Shakers the opportunity to expand. By 1823 the religious movement had gr own dramatical with 18 to 21 communities and 4000 to 5000 members. During this time 3 members left a community in New York in hopes to start a new community, they acquired three followers during there travels and one had a farm in Pleasant Hill Kentucky, in 1806 a total of 44 members started a new Shaker community there. By 1823 it had grown to the third largest Shaker community with 491 members and over 4500 acres. The Pleasant Hill community and all Shakers follow several religious ideas fairly unique forShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution And The Civil War1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe eyes of most, the American Revolution was a momentous event that shaped not only what would now be the America we know today but the whole world as well. However, this event had ramifications that affected the history of America for many years to come. In fact, many of those same ramifications led to what we know as the American Civil War. While it may be difficult to distinguish whether or not the Civil War was an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution due to lack of correlatingRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pagesother countries and our own country. The rejection of human rights is a crucial action which can result in a gruesome long term conflict. War is said to be inevitable by many but the study of why some of the most notable battles in history began is even more fascinating; moreover, The American Revolution and The Civil War are two of the most notorious events in American history thus it is necessary to realize just how influential and connected they are to one another. What is more, the powerful figuresRead MoreThe Civil War And American Revolution1356 Words   |  6 PagesMost people know it as the Civil War, but it ought to be best known as The Confederate States of America, home to the 13 colonies from the Civil War and American Revolution. The Confederate States of America originally started out with 11 states in 1860 and on July 15, 1870 Georgia was th e last Confederate state; when they were operating under the Articles of Confederation, providing guns to militias. The founder found out the Constitution was too weak and decided to adopt the US Constitution toRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesFrom before the American Revolution to the conclusion of the Civil War African slaves had been enslaved against their will. They were taken from their homeland in Africa and brought to the colonies. Once they arrived to the colonies, they were sold to slave masters to work in the slave masters’ field, most of the time picking cotton. During the selling and buying selling process of slaves, many families were often split up. Slaves typically were sold for about $2,000. $40,000 in today’s dollars.Read MoreThe American Revolution, Or First Civil War?997 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Anhalt Duce Class Title 25 March 2015 The American Revolution, or first civil war? The American Revolution was a Civil War, at first. One outstanding reason for this is that the colonies at the time were still recognized as a part of the british empire. Being apart of the british empire would there endow us with being from the same nation, maki9ng the act of war upon ourselves at the time a Civil war.The combatants of this war were The Loyalist, the ones who chose to stay with the britishRead MoreComparing The American Revolution and The American Civil War Essay852 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy American history we see that the saying, History repeats itself reveals much truth. As we look closer at the American Revolution and the American Civil War, we can find many similarities between the two. Another saying that is made known is that We learn from our mistakes,; but even the greatest men and women of our history did not follow. The main causes for both wars were the fight for liberty. If we are to analyze this issue in both wars, we see that the conclusion of one w ar leads toRead MoreThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War1587 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution: Sowing the Seeds for the Civil War The time of the American Revolution was the most critical period of time in all of American history. This was a period of time in which the foundation of our nation was set down: a strong foundation will lead us to greatness, a weak foundation will not. Along the path, if a part of the foundation crumbles or falls, it will take immense energy to fix it, and even if it heals, it heals with an ugly scar, a mark in our history. The mistakesRead MoreCivil War as the Second American Revolution Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War could easily be seen as the second American Revolution considering it brought about significant change in history in the political, social, and economic aspects. Prior to the civil war, there had been a policy of slavery in the South which was a main cause of the conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. In the post-war period, slavery had been abolished which brought about much change in not only the social but economic aspect as well. There are many points from which the CivilRead MoreThe Civil War: The Second American Revolution? Essay examples1083 Words   |  5 PagesThe Civil War has been described as one of the most important occurrences in the life of the United States. It was period in time when the United States was no longer united, but instead was split between the north and south due to the ongoing feud over of the legal standing of slavery nationwide. For four years, many people were subjected to horrific measures, especially the soldiers that participated in combat. Despite the brutality of battle, soldiers experienced a numerous amount of daily hardshipsRead MoreThe Civil War : The American Revolution And The Secession Of The United States1472 Words   |  6 Pages Americans before the Civil War came to the United States to acquire self-preservation and to explore the foundation of capitalism. Songwriters such as Stephen Foster, felt the American people needed an image to follow a need for Puritan mentali ty. Without a doubt, music purposely expressed these movements by the usage of musical lyrics to analyze the discrimination against African American slaves and the secession of the United States, which reflected the turmoil of the separated Puritan communities

Reasons For Choosing Corporate Human Resources Free Essays

The grounds for taking Corporate HR – NCC are because NCC is the Norfolk local authorization where a broad scope of information and cognition is transmitted and managed every twenty-four hours. In add-on, Corporate HR is a squad that supports the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing NCC ‘s employees. Therefore, it is convenient to happen out how people interact and learn from each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons For Choosing Corporate Human Resources or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, the fact that Corporate HR – NCC are willing assistants facilitated the execution of survey in this administration. The visit to NCC was carried out on Thursday, 4 March 2010. Scope of Study ( what will you analyze, what will you cover and non cover ) Since NCC is a big administration with different sections responsible for a assortment of services, it is impossible to detect and cover all activities of it. As a effect, this study simply concentrates on the cognition direction patterns within one unit of NCC – Corporate HR. The countries of cognition direction in NCC studied in this paper are knowledge types, acquisition degrees, cognition making and sharing, and cognition storing. Methodology of Study ( how you studied it and why ) Methodologies used in this survey are detecting how Corporate HR Team communicate and learn from each other in their workplace, questioning an HR officer of Placements – Ms. Sarah Holloway and utilizing secondary informations from NCC web site and the available literature on cognition direction. After analyzing all collected primary and secondary informations, findings and recommendations are presented. Literature Review Definition of Knowledge Knowledge has become a concern of doctrine since the ancient Greek. However, there remains a deficiency of consensus about the nature of cognition. Harmonizing to traditional epistemic Western philosophers, cognition was described as ‘justified true belief ‘ whose indispensable property is truthfulness ( Alexander et al. , 1991 ; Nonaka A ; Takeuchi, 1995, p.21 ) . However, this position appears to be obscure and headlong since things people believe to be true may non be true cognition. Furthermore, it is difficult to warrant cognition claims because no 1 can gauge accurately how much grounds is sufficient to vouch the truth of a cognition claim ( Firestone A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Another school of idea defined cognition by separating it from information, and informations. ‘Data is a set of distinct, nonsubjective facts about events ‘ ( Davenport A ; Prusak, 2000 ) . Information is meaningful informations that have been processed and organised to accomplish a peculiar intent ( Davis A ; Botkin, 1994 ; Firestone A ; McElroy, 2003 ) . Knowledge, likewise, is an collection of organizational information and expertness ( Firestone A ; McElroy, 2003 ) ; accordingly, it can be stored, manipulated and applied ( Zack, 1999 ) . Again, this apprehension could non comprehensively explicate the significance of ‘knowledge ‘ as cognition and information do non chiefly differ in the content, construction or truth but in the location. As stated by Alavi A ; Leidner ( 2001, p.109 ) , ‘knowledge is information possessed in the head of persons: it is personalized information ‘ . Furthermore, cognition is broader and deeper than information ; it is besides created due to the impacts of external stimulations. As a consequence, towards a clearer working definition of cognition, this paper agrees that: Knowledge is a unstable mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a model for measuring and integrating new experiences and information. It originates and is applied in the heads of apprehenders. In administrations it frequently becomes embedded non merely in paperss or depositories but besides in organizational modus operandis, procedures, patterns, and norms. ( Davenport A ; Prusak, 2000, p.5 ) Knowledge Types and Oganisational Knowledge Creation Different attacks result in assorted categorization of cognition. Harmonizing to Garud ( 1997 ) , there are three types of cognition, consisting of know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what refers to minimal apprehension of the facts such as cognition of targeted clients of a merchandise ( Neef et al. , 1998 ) . Such sort of cognition is generated by a procedure of ‘learning by utilizing ‘ , largely through interaction between manufacturers and users, Sellerss and clients. Know-how relates to accomplishments and accrued practical experience ; it is the consequence of ‘learning by making ‘ procedure and exists in persons, organizational modus operandis and fabrication patterns ( Garud, 1997 ) . Know-why, on the other manus, involves ‘scientific cognition of rules and Torahs of gesture in nature, in the human head, and in society ‘ ( Neef et al. , 1998, p.116 ) . It is deep cognition found in persons and acquired through ‘learning by analyzin g ‘ . Polanyi ( 1967 ) and Nonaka A ; Takeuchi ( 1995 ) , in contrast, argued that there are fundamentally two types of cognition: explicit and tacit. Explicit or codified cognition refers to knowledge that is easy to pass on, transportation and express in text signifier ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Tacit cognition, on the other manus, is embedded in human head through practical accomplishments and experiences, hence, is hard to be articulated. It is considered work-related know-how that is merely transferred among people through a long procedure of apprenticeship ( Polanyi, 1967 ) . Nonaka ( 1994, 1995 ) argued that cognition in an administration is created by persons through the interaction of tacit and expressed cognition in four transition procedures, get downing from socialization ( tacit/tacit ) , externalization ( tacit/explicit ) , combination ( explicit/explicit ) to internalization ( explicit/tacit ) . However, as argued by Gourlay ( 2006 ) , this position seemed to be flimsy since the categorization ignored the fact that cognition, in some instances, may non be wholly silent. In other words, whether there is such thing as silent cognition or merely cognition which is silent. Furthermore, the mechanism does non reflect how new ideals are created or how deepness of understanding develops. It is ill-defined why cognition transition has to get down with socialization instead than others ( Gourlay, 2006 ) and besides diffident whether silent cognition is wholly and accurately transmitted from a individual to another by merely observation, repeat and pattern s. Hence, it is said to be barely a representation of cognition creative activity. Degrees of Learning As argued by Argyris A ; Schon, there exist two degrees of acquisition in the administration: single-loop acquisition and double-loop acquisition. Single-loop acquisition is lower degree of larning which concentrates on problem-solving, chiefly detects and corrects mistake, and as a effect, consequences in incremental betterments. Double-loop acquisition is the higher degree one which emphasises on uninterrupted self-reflection and scrutiny of ways the administration defines and solves jobs ( Ahmed et al. , 2002 ) . Consequently, it frequently leads to transformative betterments which are critical to the success of the administration, particularly during times of rapid alteration. Knowledge Codification Knowledge codification, as defined by Cowan A ; Foray ( 1997 ) , is ‘the procedure of transition of cognition into messages which can so be processed as information ‘ . In the epoch of cognition economic system, as cognition residing in the human heads can greatly lend to the sustainability and development of administrations, the codification of cognition, viz. the transition of silent cognition to explicit cognition in a functional signifier, is truly indispensable. Knowledge Management Knowledge direction as presented by Huczynski A ; Buchanan ( 2007 ) is the transition of single tacit cognition into expressed cognition in order to be shared among people in the administration. It is the procedure of identifying, pull outing and capturing the cognition assets of the house so that they can be to the full exploited and protected as a beginning of competitory advantage. In order to better the productiveness of cognition direction, it is necessary for the administration to use information engineering to increase the single and group ability of cognition creative activity and storage every bit good as to beef up the linkages among persons and between groups ( Alavi A ; Leidner, 2001 ) . Knowledge Management in Corporate HR – NCC A Typical Day at Corporate HR – NCC Corporate HR are responsible for all kinds of HR issues, embracing HR scheme and Policy, Learning and Development, Health A ; Safety and the Employee Services Centre. Their purpose is to back up the bringing of Council services by pull offing, back uping and developing the people who work for NCC. A normal twenty-four hours at Corporate HR begins at around 8.00 am when people come to the office and look into all latest electronic mails they received. They answer the electronic mails and if there is any affair that they do non cognize, they email or ask their co-workers for information or their ain HR senior director for advice. Besides, they check assignments in their computing machines, answer the phones, talk to each other about work and how to cover with the undertakings. They besides complete their ain electronic flexitime sheet with the clip when they start working and go forthing. The employees here are encouraged to self pull off their working hours. However, they must non be absent from work during nucleus clip – between 10.00 am and 4.00 autopsy and must work for at least 37 hours a hebdomad. In add-on, HR staff have to go to the scheduled meetings with the whole Corporate HR squad or with people involved in their ain undertakings, or with the directors to info rm about the undertaking processs and advancement, other facets of work and show their feelings at work. During my visit, there was a meeting between HR officer, Corporate HR between Ms. Glenda Bennett – Corporate HR Manager, Ms. Jane Hanrahan – HR and Organisational Development Manager of Learning – Adult Social Services Department and Ms. Sarah Holloway, HR Officer of Placements about Apprenticeships at 10.00 am. After the meeting, Ms. Holloway came back and wrote carefully in her computing machine what she took note while other people continued working at their desk until 4.00 to 4.30 autopsy. Knowledge Types and cognition Creation After one-day detecting how employees work and interact with each other, I recognise that cognition transmitted in Corporate HR is the combination of both expressed and silent cognition. It is clearly illustrated when the HR staff and her senior director discussed how to reply a inquiry she received via electronic mail, when the staff showed an learner how to utilize a photocopier and asked her to show utilizing the photocopier to her, and particularly through the meeting between Ms. Holloway and other two directors about Apprenticeships undertaking. In the meeting, the tacit cognition was externalised into expressed cognition when Ms. Hanrahan explained the content of the Apprenticeships undertaking to Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway. Then, the combination procedure occured when Ms. Hanrahan gave them a cusp incorporating some activities of Apprenticeships programme and when Ms. Holloway wrote down the information and apprehension about the undertaking in her notebook. After that, the explicit cognition once more was converted into silent cognition as Ms. Bennett and Ms. Holloway repeated some contents of the undertaking Ms. Hanrahan has merely said to guarantee they understood right and exhaustively. From the world of Corporate HR, it could be said that Nonaka ( 1994 ) was right when asseverating the duologue between tacit and expressed cognition is uninterrupted and dynamic. Nevertheless, in this instance, the cognition making procedure did non purely follow the theoretical account of Nonaka since cognition is produced from the externalization procedure non stiffly from the socialization. This, once more, has strengthened the aforesaid unfavorable judgment of Gourlay ( 2006 ) toward the theoretical account of Nonaka and Takeuchi. Besides silent and expressed, cognition in Corporate HR besides includes know-what, know-how and know-why. Know-what and know-why are generated largely through different preparation classs designed by Corporate HR. For illustration, Corporate HR have cooperated with member co-workers such as UEA and City Colleges in Norwich to supply HR practicians with necessary HR formal makings – CPP ( Certificate in Personnel Practice – degree 3 ) and CIPD ( Postgraduate Certificate in Personnel and Development – degree 7 ) . Additionally, they have developed Learning Hub, a website offering e-courses such as informations protection and client services, and organised seminars and conferences sing some peculiar subjects to assist any NCC staff to better cognition at work. Know-how, conversely, is acquired through ‘learning by making ‘ . Namely, when an employee of a section has grudge and it can non be sorted out by his ain HR section, it will be passed to Corporat e HR to work out. After settling the grudge, HR staff will enter it as ‘a instance jurisprudence ‘ for them to work out similar jobs if go oning. Knowledge Sharing Peoples in Corporate HR use legion ways to interact with each other and with other sections, from face-to-face treatments and meetings, electronic mail, telephone, facsimile to formal authorship. However, the most widely used manner is to portion knowledge electronically via PeopleNet. PeopleNet is an intranet site designed, updated and monitored on a regular basis to supply clear, concise HR information and cognition to all NCC staff. This site holds all HR related information from processs, policies to signifiers and often asked inquiries so that employees can happen the replies for their inquiries as a first point of contact. Furthermore, Corporate HR besides tailored an electronical newssheet called HR Matters. It is produced monthly and emailed to HR community to inform them about impending statute law, assorted undertaking updates and messages from the Head of Human Resource A ; Organisational Development. With other organisations and public, the squad chiefly interacts by uti lizing electronic mail, telephone, meetings and presentation, seting information on the Press or Website ( extranet ) for enrolling or set uping work experience. Information and Knowledge Storing All information and codified cognition of HR are stored in three systems – electronic filing system, paper filing system including papers booklets, books and transcripts, etc. and Outlook Calendar incorporating information of meetings, seminars and conferences. Storing information and cognition is really indispensable for any HR staff to recover if necessary and do it go their cognition indispensable at work. Knowledge Learning Based on the interview with Ms. Holloway, I found that most of larning activities in Corporate HR is merely single-loop acquisition. It is because Corporate HR is merely a unit within NCC. Most of work and undertakings they handle are given by Senior Management in NCC or come from the authorities. Cardinal authorities develops enterprises and as a portion of local authorization, Corporate HR has duty to develop the enterprises that are relevant to them such as Apprenticeships. During the execution procedure of undertakings, if HR staff gain some arising jobs, they will speak to their directors about that. The directors can propose a solution or organize a squad meeting to discourse. Other members, so, will lend their sentiments and recommendations to work out the jobs or develop and hone thoughts of the undertaking. Furthermore, the acquisition activities, different from the theory of Agyris, are still ongoing even when there are no errors and no alterations made to the undertakings. As Ms. Holloway said, the employees continue lending their thoughts and sharing them to other squad members in order to better the quality of the undertakings even when the undertakings are in advancement. This reveals a spread in the theoretical account of Argyris and recommends that larning is a dynamic procedure and should be defined in footings of procedure itself. Summary and Conclusion Drumhead This paper is about how Corporate HR – NCC pull off their cognition. The chief literature reappraisal chiefly refers to knowledge types, cognition creative activity, degrees of acquisition, cognition codification, and knowledge direction. The objects of observation and interview mostly concentrate on the nature of cognition shared, how cognition is created, managed and transmitted and the information system that supports it, how HR staff interact and learn from each other, and how they store information and cognition. Weaknesses in the organizational cognition creative activity theory of Nonaka and Takeuchi every bit good as in larning theoretical account of Argyris and Schon are pointed out and proved by the operations of Corporate HR. Decision Due to the clip bound on observation and interview, all aspects of cognition direction in Corporate HR – NCC could non be wholly discovered and discussed within the range of this paper. Given the fact that the NCC is a big administration with different sections, farther survey could concentrates on happening out more inside informations of cognition making and sharing procedure ; NCC ‘s norms, values, and modus operandis which are affected by the cognition direction as Davenport A ; Prusak ( 1998 ) suggested about administration cognition ; every bit good as the larning procedure of the Corporate HR in peculiar and the NCC in general. How to cite Reasons For Choosing Corporate Human Resources, Essay examples

Rizal in Japan free essay sample

JAPAN Among the happiest moments of Rizal in his life was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms. He stayed in Japan for one month and a half from February 28 to April 13, 1888. He was charmed by the natural beauty of Japan, the manners of the Japanese people and the picturesque of shrines. He also fell in love with a Japanese girl, who loveliness infused joy and romance in his sorrowing heart. Morning of Tuesday, February 28, 1888, Rizal arrived at Yokohama and stayed in the Grand Hotel. The following day, he moved to Tokyo and took a room at the Tokyo Hotel where he stayed from March 2 to 7. He was impressed by the city of Tokyo. After his arrival in Tokyo, Rizal was visited by Juan Perez caballero, secretary of Spanish Legation. The latter invited him to live at the Spanish Legation. Rizal knew that this was the Spanish government’s way of monitoring Rizal but he accepted anyways. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal in Japan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On March 7, he moved out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation. He and Perez Caballero became good friends and described him as a young, fine and an excellent writer. During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal could talk the Japanese language. He had a hard time for shopping for he could not be understood and children laughed at him. With his situation, Rizal decided to study the Japanese language. He was able to speak within a few days. At Japan he studied the Japanese drama, arts, music, and judo. He also visited museums, libraries, art galleries, and shrines. He visited Meguro, Nikko, Hakone, Miyanoshita, and the charming villages of Japan. During one time, Rizal went to the park and heard the Tokyo band playing a classical work of Strauss. He was impressed by the great performances of the Western music. He thought to himself how admirable their renditions are and ondered how they have assimilated the modern European music to the extent of playing the beautiful masterpieces of the European composers so well. The band stopped playing and to his surprised they were speaking

Action of Nandrolone on the Cardiovascular, Renal, Blood and Respiratory Systems

It is an offense to use performance enhancement drugs while engaging in various competitive sports. This is mainly because performance enhancement drugs give athletes an unfair advantage over their competitors. Sportsmen face the risk of huge penalties should regulatory bodies discover that they use performance enhancement drugs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Action of Nandrolone on the Cardiovascular, Renal, Blood and Respiratory Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this does not deter sportsmen from using performance enhancement drugs. From time to time, various sportsmen fail the test for performance enhancement drugs. Performance enhancement drugs affect the physiology of athletes by increasing their energy and endurance. Nandrolone is one of the most common performance enhancement drugs. Nandrolone is a steroid whose primary function is building muscles. The drug helps in rebuilding damaged t issues and red blood cells. Nandrolone also increases bone density. Increase in bone density is partially responsible for the increase in red blood cells. This makes nandrolone very effective in treating anaemia. Nandrolone also increases appetite and stimulates muscle growth. Increase in muscle growth and strength of bones make nandrolone an excellent performance enhancement drug. Increase in strength is due to nandrolone’s ability to increase the body mass and reduce the fat mass (Baechle Earle, 2009, p. 185). Nandrolone is an efficient performance enhancement drug in sprinting. This is because sprinting requires high amounts of energy. Nandrolone increases the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Continued use of nandrolone lowers HDL cholesterol and increases LDL cholesterol. Change in the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol coupled with other risk factors lead to a significant increase in the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases. However, nandrolone a lso increases the activity of post-heparin triglyceride liver. Reduction in post-heparin triglyceride reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases regardless of the levels of LDL cholesterol (Mooney Vergel, 2000, p. 26). Nandrolone also affects the respiratory system. The drug increases the respiratory muscle strength. This is highly beneficial to patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Increase in muscle strength is due to the increase in diaphragm muscle mass. This increases aerobic metabolism and endurance levels of athletes (Dekhuijzen et al, 1999, p. 1044).Advertising Looking for report on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The kidney is the main organ that purifies chemicals in the blood. Introduction of drugs into the blood places undue pressure on the kidney. Frequent use of high amounts of nandrolone may cause renal failure as one of the side effects. Despite the fact that one of the side effects of nandrolone is renal failure, patients with end stage renal failure use the drug as an adjuvant therapy to parenteral nutrition (Hasso, 2009, p. 19). Sprinters require vast amounts of energy while competing. Therefore, sprinters go printers go to great lengths to ensure that they accumulate enough energy while competing. This increases their chances of winning their respective races. Nandrolone is one of the major performance enhancing drugs that athletes use. However, it is an offense for athletes’ test samples to test more than 2.0 Â µg/L of nandrolone. Nandrolone is detectable in urine and hair. The International Olympic Committee penalises athletes who fail the test for nandrolone. Penalties for failing the drug test range from ban for a few years to lifetime ban. Sprinter Marion Jones is one of the high profile athletes who have failed the test for nandrolone. Marion Jones admitted to using nandrolone. Subsequently, the International Olympic Co mmittee striped her Olympic medals she had won (Zimniuch, 2009, p. 128). Marion Jones’ doping admission led to her fall from grace. References Baechle, TR Earle, RW. 2009. Ebk essentials strength training and condition, Human Kinetics, Champagne, IL. Dekhuijzen, PNR, Machiels, HA, Heunks, L MA, van der Heijden, HFM, van Balkom, RHH. 1999. ‘Athletes and doping: eVects of drugs on the respiratory system’, Thorax, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1041-1046. Hasso, RA. 2009. ‘Histological toxic effect of nandrolone decanoate on the kidney of male rabbits: part one’, The Medical Journal of Basrah University, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 19-22. Mooney, M Vergel, N. 2000. Built to survive: A comprehensive guide to the medical use of anabolic steroids, nutrition, supplementation and exercise for HIV (+) men and women. Milestones Publishing, Houston, TX.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Action of Nandrolone on the Cardiovascular, Renal, Blood and Respirat ory Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Zimniuch, F. 2009. Crooked: a history of cheating in sports, Taylor Trade Publications. Lanham, MD. This report on Action of Nandrolone on the Cardiovascular, Renal, Blood and Respiratory Systems was written and submitted by user Gregory R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Suicide and Cyber Bullying Essay

Suicide and Cyber Bullying Essay Suicide and Cyber Bullying Essay Ta’Chelle Morris Dr.Gold 12/8/2011 Final Research Paper: Teen Suicide Introduction One of the most difficult times you will have in your life is being a teenager. Becoming a teenager comes with so many responsibilities because you are no longer considered a child. There is the stress to be liked, and to do well in school. You are starting to develop differences with your parents and the separation with them is beginning to increase. The world is changing around you and you are beginning to become curious. Sometimes this curiosity can be positive, but if not careful at other times it can be detrimental to your teenage years and your future. Also during this stage of life, teenagers are dealing with identity issues. Everyone wants to fit in and is trying to find their little niche. Teenage years are the time that people have the best experiences and the worst. On most occasions, teenagers move through this phase with only a few struggles and reach adulthood. Others are not so lucky and their life ends before they can reach the age of 21. Teen suicide is the third mo st common cause of death amongst adolescents. Teenagers are especially vulnerable to the threat of suicide, because in addition to the stress they have from school, they are dealing with the hormonal fluctuations that can complicate even the most simplistic situations. Teen suicide has been not only increased in the United States, but around the world as well. In recent years, suicide has increased at an alarming rate even amongst Native Americans and African-American teenagers. According to a study done by the National Institute of Mental Health the risk factors that lead to suicide include depression and other mental disorders. There have been many explanations to the sudden increase over the past 10 years in teen suicide. Many doctors attribute it to biological reasons and that stress from that a teenager experiences in their environment can trigger different neurotransmitters and the teenager develops depression. Other reasons have been attributed to family and the new growing e pidemic of bullying. This increase is not only sad, but reflective upon how the society is changing. What has been pushing these teenagers to have such terrible lives that they have to take their own life. What are the reasons for the increase in teen suicide? Research One reason for the increase in teen suicide is depression. Depression is a condition of mental disturbance, typically with lack of energy and difficulty in maintaining concentration or interest in life. Depression in adolescents is very unusual and doctors are still trying to find common reasons of why there has been an increase in depression rates. Depression increases the risk of a teenager committing suicide. Depression is usually the last stage that the teenager experiences in result to a tragic event, divorce, or bullying that causes them to want to kill themselves. Biological reasons for depression are neurotransmitters and neurons. People with lower levels of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine are more likely to have depression. Depression has been directly related to the neurotransmitters of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. There have been several studies explaining why depression has increased amongst the adolescent population and why this connects to teen suicide. One study relating to teen depression was done by Brown University in 2002. This study focused on parents who did not recognize the symptoms of teen depression which furthermore left the depressed child untreated. One reason to the rise to depression in teens, is the fact that parents are unaware or do not acknowledge the symptoms. The study consisted of 100 parents who were observed while communicating with their depressed children. The different groups were parents of diagnosed depressed children and ones who were developing symptoms that were witnessed by their school. After observing the conversations between the

Fact pattern Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fact pattern - Assignment Example The law is very clear; you must never purport to use the image of any celebrity in preparing another artistic work unless a permission is total granted. However, the US Copyright law does not specify on the legality of the use of names of celebrities. In this case, Artist can just flash the names of the names of famous musicians. In this scenario, Artist and Chet verbally agree on conditions they considered favourable to both of them. Artist agrees to pay Chet $150 per day plus gas, breakfast, lunch and cat food. On the other hand Chet is willing to drive Artist anywhere within a radius of 200 miles for duration of 10 days. Definitely this is an oral agreement. Oral contracts are valid and are enforceable by a court of law as long as there is sufficient evidence to justify one`s claim (Oversight 1-10). By the fact that Chet and Artist shook hands on their agreement it remains a valid contract. After 3 days something happens and Chet has to stop offering his services to Artist. It is notable that Chet, the driver has partially fulfilled his promise in the terms of verbal agreement. It is therefore unlawful for Artist to fail to pay Chet for the three days of the service. Since Artist knew very well that he had no money and went ahead to give Chet a false promise, that forms a crime under Statute of Frauds if he fails to honour the promise. It is notable that during the agreement, Artist agreed to be driven together with two pet cats; Detour and Frolic owned by the taxi driver. Arguably, this can be justified by the fact that Artist consciously agrees to pay $150 per day plus fuel, breakfast, lunch and cat food. In the last part of the previous statement basically Artist agrees to pay for the food of the two cats. Naturally that would mean that he is willing to travel with them in the same car. However, it should be noted that Artist is allergic to pest such as cats. Contrary, there is no legal backing for

Propaganda and its effects in 20th century product design Essay

Propaganda and its effects in 20th century product design - Essay Example This is highly doubtful, as history has shown that the art, architecture and design movements have been hopelessly and inexorably intertwined. In fact, it would not be incorrect to say that the historical events of the 20th century, especially wartime and political propaganda, have had a profound and lasting effect not only on design, but also on the art, architecture and other aspects that influence the major diaspora of society. The Main Contributions to Design in the 20th Century In the 20th century the countries that made the news most of all were invariably also the nations that made the most contributions to design. The early 20th century was dominated by the Modernist movement and mass production via machines. For practical purposes, the Bauhaus School in Germany (1919-33) made some major contributions to simple designs for articles of common use such as furniture that could be mass produced. Its attitude towards simplicity could be summarized by Ludwin Rohe’s assertion : ‘Less is More’. In direct contrast to it emerged the Art Deco movement of the 1920s, with its emphasis on traditional cabined-making skills and materials such as steel and bauxite, became out of the reach of the common man and was labeled ‘elitist’ as only the rich were able to afford these pieces. The two decades after the Second World War (1950-70) also called the Mid century Modern Era were dominated by influences from Scandinavia, Italy and the USA (www.thenewgallery.co.il). They sought not only to use lightweight material but also bright and vibrant colors, dispelling the drab years of the War just gone by. Organic materials such as leather, steel, vinyl and others have resulted in their widespread use and adaptability to meet the needs of almost any household furniture. Industrial strength materials may be used for sturdier applications. The Uses and Influence of Propaganda Propaganda may be defined as follows: â€Å"Propaganda is the deliberate, s ystematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist† (Jowett & O’Donnell, 2006). Although the use of propaganda has been made before- primarily by kings and queens in swaying the public’s perceptions on certain issues, the 20th century saw the use of this as a weapon in the armory of many a political leader. Take Lenin and Stalin for instance. They used propaganda to overthrow Czar Nicholas of Russia and bring to fruition the Communist or Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Undoubtedly there were some historical and economic circumstances that came to their aid, but it is the skill of these leaders in manipulating these circumstances in their favor that makes propaganda such a potent weapon. Indeed, even fashion styles owe their catching on to propaganda, as they are first sold to the opinion leaders and elite of society and then orders are booked for cloth as the new fashion catches on through eyes, ears and advertisements (www.historyisaweapon.com). Propaganda was also well used in the era of the Third Reich, with Joseph Goebbels being Hitler’s main protagonist. He used propaganda not only to make Hitler look like a Savior and the answer to all of Germany’s troubles, but also later to further the Fuhrer’s own private ideas of an Aryan society and the mass annihilation of the Jews in the Holocaust. Propaganda has had its uses in times of peace as well. For example, Hitler’s vision of a prosperous Germany after the War included that every middle class German family would be able to afford a Volkswagen- that is why advertisements of the day showed it as a family car. Similarly, propaganda has been used by the British to rally support for investing in Government Bonds to

The theory of natural selection has been applied to human culture in Essay

The theory of natural selection has been applied to human culture in many different realms. How are the forces that produce diff - Essay Example In India, where social stratification still obviously persists, the rich became rich because he came from a rich family. In contrast, the poor cannot reach the same affluence because the society simply does not permit such occurrence. Second, there is differential reproduction (www.berkeley.edu). In the end of Jurassic era, the huge terrestrial animals might have gone extinct, but the boring creatures such as cockroaches continue to live on until the present. However, unlike in Biology wherein the favored group of creatures prospered, it is not the case in society. Rich Chinese clans, for example, only allow marriages among their family members, so as to maintain their huge assets within the same knit of people. Third, there is inheritance (www.berkley.edu). For example, in humans, the two-leggedness has been passed more successfully than four-leggedness, because the stand-up stance can better utilize their eyes in searching for new places to move on. The same absoluteness cannot be said about society. The traits inherited do not do anything to the social stratification. Among the rich, it is only the name that allows one to be in a favorable strata. However, not all family members do not really end up rich. Those that have become rich did not just have the name, but also the persistence and education This character, in turn, can only be molded with experience, not heredity. References Thorpe, R. S.

Market Analysis of Coca Cola

Market Analysis of Coca Cola Jump to: PEST Analysis | SWOT Analysis Coca-Cola, corporation nourishing the global community with worlds largest selling soft drink since 1886. Its nations top soft drink brand, with the best bottling network. It is the largest marketer of non-alcoholic beverages in the world. In India, Coca Cola was the leading soft drink till 1977 when govt. policies necessitated its departure. It returned to India in 1993 after a 16 year hiatus and made significant investments to ensure that the beverage is available to more and more people, even in the remote and inaccessible parts of the nation. In the minds of worlds consumers the brand has assumed an iconic status. Coca Cola was initially advertised as a remedy for headache and exhaustion. It has been advertising on television for 50 years. COCA COLA INDIA (CCI) Leading player in the Indian beverage market A fortune 500 company in India (73rd position) Coca Cola India with PepsiCo forms Duopoly Includes 24 company-owned bottling operations Came back in 1993 and acquired local brands (Ibef, 2010) (Coca Cola India, 2010) 2. COMPANY BACKGROUND Marketing Coca Cola in India-The post-liberalization period in India saw the comeback of Coca Cola but Pepsi had already beaten Coca-Cola to the punch, by creatively entering the market in the 1980s period by way of a joint venture. In a way Pepsi benefited the Coca Cola by developing the Indian soft drink market in the early years of liberalization .The only disadvantage was that CCI in 1993 applied the American way of life approach in selling its product on the contrary, Pepsi targeted the youth. (Coca Cola India, 2010) 3. The Marketing tools: The Marketing Environment 3.1-The Macro Environment- PEST Analysis of Coca Cola (P)OLITICAL ANALYSIS- Political variables have very little effect on the CCIs selling and production behavior. There are few exceptional things like the environmental protection laws they somewhat effect the industry of coca cola. The state government of Kerala released a report on March 22, 2010 holding Coca Cola responsible for causing pollution and water depletion in a state of Kerala and made it liable for Indian rupees 216 corer for damaged caused as a result of the companys bottling operations. To deal with this problem the company has made proper adjustments in plant and applied the proper way of wastage management. The companys production also gets effected by the elections and military take over because in the day of election any countries production in any field is declined. (E)CONOMICAL ANALYSIS- Inflation in any country is not good from its production point of view. So, coca cola is no exception. Its impact on coca cola is highly negative. In a country like India where there is a high rate of unemployment, CCI directly employs approximately 6,000 people and indirectly creates employment for more than 1,25,000 people in related industries. Its among the countries top investors having invested more than US$ 1 billion in India in the first decade and further pledged another US$ 100 million in 2003 for its operations. (S)OCIAL ANALYSIS- CCI in partnership with the NGO, Bharat Integrated Social Welfare Agency (BISWA) has launched a program to build awareness on micro-nutrient malnutrition (or Hidden Hunger) in the bottom of the socio economic pyramid population in India. They are constantly working to keep their product environmentally and socially beneficial to the communities they serve. Their community water programs are designed to support healthy watersheds and sustainable programs to balance the water used throughout their production process. CCI has been awarded the Social and Corporate Governance Award for Best Practices in Corporate Social Responsibility in 2009. All India Division COBOs are now ISO 14001 certified. (T)ECHNICAL ANALYSIS- The CCI uses the more advanced technology in its production process. Computers have become the basic needs these days and it is giving the way of other industries to come to new technologies and into a new world of business. Computers can increase the efficiency of its business and the latest coke vending machine will now employ the use of (user friendly) touch screen technology. SWOT ANALYSIS OF COCA COLA (S)TRENGTHS Brand Ambassadors-focused target marketing by launching appropriate brand ambassador for the target market. Diverse Product Portfolio. Extremely Recognizable Brand. Improved Quality Control. Heavy Investment. Bottling System. (W)EAKNESSESS Reduced Consumer Purchasing Power. Issues for Health Care. Environmental Destruction. (O)PPORTUNITIES To serve a large geographic diverse area Brand recognition Sponsorships (T)HREATS Substitutes Heath Consciousness Consumer preferences Stiff Competition 3.2-The Micro Environment The micro environment represents those elements over which the marketing firm has full control in order to reach its target market i.e. the 4 Ps, which it can use in order to gain information that will better help it in its marketing operation. MAJOR COMPETITORS Coca cola major competitors is Pepsi as its portfolio includes- PEPSI 7UP NIMBOOZ MIRINDA SLICE MOUNTAIN DEW After CCI it covers the 2nd largest market share % of the soft drink industry in India (Pepsi Co India, 2010) Consumer Behavior- The two factors that dictate the Consumers decision-making process are involvement and perceived risk. The consumer will follow the habitual decision making steps while purchasing coca cola. Habitual Decision Making Product Coca Cola Level of Involvement Low ( unimportant decision ) Perceived Risk Low ( simple , low-cost product ) Information Processing Respond to environmental cues ( shop signage or displays ) Learning Model Behavioral learning ( ad shows product in beautiful setting , creating positive attitude ) Needed Marketing Action Provide environmental cues at point of purchase , such as product display Fig 4.2 extended problem solving versus habitual decision making (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes and Mitchell, 2009, Pg151) In India the perception of the people regarding coca cola is that, they consider it as a drink which can quench their thirst as well as creates a sense of belongingness. Indias physical environment is suitable for the sale of soft drinks moreover during festive time sales are doubled. Thus the need of buying a soft drink falls in the first and third level of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Exhibit 1.) Situational Influences Physical environment Time Internal Influences Perception Motivation Learning Attitudes Personality Age groups Decision ProcessLifestyle PURCHASE Social Influences Culture Subculture Social class Group memberships Fig 4.4 Influences on Consumer Decision Making (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes and Mitchell, 2009, Pg151) SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS- Different aspects of social media, which CCI uses in order to communicate with its consumers. This in turn will increase Brand awareness Positive image for the brand 4 THE ORGANISATION MARKETING MIX- 4.1-PRODUCT- http://www.coca-colaindia.com/media/images/brand_logos_all.gif Major Brands of Coca Cola- Coca Cola Diet coke Thumbs Up Sprite Fanta Limca Minute Maid Pulpi Orange Maaza Kinley Minute Maid Nimbu Fresh Georgia Burn http://cdn.i.haymarket.net.au/Utils/ImageResizer.ashx?n=http%3A%2F%2Fi.haymarket.net.au%2FNews%2FCoca-Cola+India.jpegw=460 The product strategy includes decisions such as product design, packaging, branding, etc. Coca Cola brand consists of different packs and flavor. They promote all brands available in brand pack under their product strategy. 4.1.1-Packing Strategy Coca Cola products are available in different packing, in order to capture each and every segment. GLASS PET CAN FOUNTAIN 200ml, 300ml, 500ml,1000ml 500 ml, 1.5 L, 2 L ,2.25 L, 300 ml + 100 ml 330 ml Various Sizes 4.1.2 -THE STRATEGY PLANNING PRODUCT EMPHASIS EXISTING PRODUCTS NEW PRODUCT Existing MarketMarket penetration strategy (Coca Cola) Market EmphasisSeek to increase sales of existing products to existing markets Product development strategy (New Launches e.g. Burn) Create growth by selling new products in existing markets NEW MARKETS Market development strategy Introduce existing products to new markets Diversification strategy Emphasize both new products and new markets to achieve growth Fig 2.4The Growth Strategies (Solomon, Marshall, Stuart, Barnes and Mitchell, 2009, Pg 70) New Launch- CCI launches Burn, Minute Maid Nimbu Fresh and Maaza Milky Delite http://popsop.com/wp-content/uploads/maaza_milky_delite_01.jpg https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrOGMSBufVNJzS3xlfw47ntcQ_z1qskB4wiPPq8rVfOuaw0kC2CCoqd1rgCxJNeojXEMG9XkbA0G0pKI0eRlqqw5YXZDC5qNdm0c2NAuadKrfxh_GpfUywFNmJRsqQRoV6kJzKxNo48apS/s1600/burn.jpg http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100409/ls15.jpg 4.2- PRICE- Firms Pricing Strategies should be based on costs, demand or the prices of competing products. CCI, some time back, had initiated the first cola price war by launching small 200ml packs priced at Rs 5. On the other hand its competitor Pepsi India also reduced its prices of 300ml pack from Rs.8 to Rs. 6. CCI was able to reduce its price from Rs 7 to Rs 5 because it acquired a big glass bottle manufacturing facility which enabled it to offer small bottles at reduced process. PRICE STRATEGY- DIFFERENT PRICE IN DIFFERENT SEASON India is a country with diverse season, summer season is supposed to be a good season for beverage industry. During winters they reduce their prices to maintain their sales and profit. They usually reduce the prices of their pet bottles or 1 litter glass bottle. Even during festivals they offer different price schemes. 4.3-PLACE- 4.3.1DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY- Events- Cricket Matches, FIFA World Cup, World Cup Hockey, Common Wealth Youth Games, Cultural Festivals, Concerts etc. Urban Distribution Network Consumer Retailer Spoke Hubs Bottling Plant Rural Distribution Network 4.3.3-CCI KEY LOCATIONS (Coca Cola India, 2010) 4.4:- PROMOTION CCI follows the Pull Promotion strategy Coca Cola is the official beverage partner of the Common Wealth Games 2010 (CWG), because of which it enjoys exclusive marketing and supply rights for the beverage across its portfolio. CCI has undertaken the largest ever free product sampling program called Delhi celebrates a cultural fiesta where 5000 artists will perform. The companies association with the commonwealth games will provide the opportunity to enhance its brand value. These games will help consumers in connecting with the brand. When product is seen more in the market, they have good sales too because according to the experts the product which is seen more in the market sell more too. Types of Media which CCI uses Print Media Posters and Stickers Material TV Commercials (TVCs) Billboards Holdings Banners Celebrities Getting shelves Sales promotion Placing the product at an eye catching position in the shops UTC scheme (Under the crown scheme) To keep the products in nice condition, company provides-Freezers, display racks, etc Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube, etc- CCI have their own and separate brands account on these social networking sites, where they directly gets the opinion of todays generation about the existing and new products. http://htmlimg2.scribdassets.com/7lva67i2vf9rsu8/images/19-f744e60085/000.jpg (Google, 2010) 5. THE SEGMENTATION, TARGETTING AND POSITIONING STRATEGY- 5.1-SEGMENTING STRATEGY CCI focuses on Demographic segmentation 1. Generational marketing CCI targets the youth of the country. Coca Cola started using Indian themes in order to appeal the Indian customers. They wanted to communicate with the youth. Considering that the Indian youth respected traditional Indian values coca cola created advertisements showing college students valuing their culture. This connection helped coca cola in creating its own personality with which Indian youth could relate itself and it resulted in the suitable positioning of the brand. 2.Gender- CCI have different product range for different genders like for males there is Coca Cola, Thumps up, for females they have Fanta, for kids they have Maaza. 3. Rural Market- The majority of Indian population i.e. (74%) lives in numerous villages scattered throughout the country. Estimates show that rural India accounts for 58% of Indian rural disposable income and 41% of middle class. 5.2-TARGETING STRATEGY Coca Cola commercials basically target on young generations, because they want to represent Coca Cola with the youth and energy. Rural Market is also a very attractive target- In order to reach to the rural India, CCI had also launched television commercials targeting at rural population. This market covers 80% of Indias new coke drinkers. 5.3 -POSITIONING STRATEGY CCIs Initiative in Indian Market- 5.3.1- Urban India- In order to target the metropolitan areas and large town audience, CCI captured the theme of Celebration and Joy of peoples, they showcases increasing social and economic status of the people in their television commercial (TVCs). This theme they applied for positioning their brand in urban market. Life ho toh aise (life as it should be) was very popular and successful tagline. 5.3.2.-Rural India- Under it they have tapped the local entertainment like fairs and local festivals They increased their TVCs on Doordarshan (the local channel), designed to target rural customers. Its all rural marketing initiatives were well supported by TVCs. In 2002 CCI launched Chota Coke (Mini Coke) at Rs 5considering the pocket size of rural consumers. CCI communicated this price cut message with the help of TVC featuring leading Hindi movies star Amir Khan in rural settings to enable proper brand association because large number of people inspire to emulate these celebrities. It will help in creating the right identity for the brand. Its tagline gained a lot of popularity Thanda Matlab Coca Cola (Cold Means Coca Cola) (You Tube, 2010) http://www.thaindian.com/images/stories/aamircoke.jpg Exhibit: Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola Advertising Campaign 6.-RECOMMENDATIONS- New Strategy- Rural market (MARKET IS CREATED AND NOT BORN) Rural consumers are inclined more towards the home made drinks like Lassi, lemonade etc. So, we need to target them when they are out of their home and will need something to quench their thirst. Rural India with the average income of Rs 100/day, consider coca cola whose average price comes around Rs 10, as a luxury product .Moreover soft drinks categories are undifferentiated in the minds of rural consumers. The good news is that the rural consumer market which grew 25% in 2008 is expected to reach US$ 425 billion in 2010-11 with 720-790 million customers. 1. As this market is not fully utilized, there lays a huge scope to reposition the brand in a more effective way to prove that CCI is the suitable brand meant for rural customers and there is a need to shift it from luxury item category to every day product category. 2. An appropriate marketing strategy is required, which is only possible by listening to consumers needs and requirements. Advertising Strategy- Looking at the tough competitors there is a need for aggressive marketing campaign. Announce a new campaign for CCI. In order to connect with the rural population, CCI should increase social welfare activities. Prior creating the ad ,following points should be kept in mind- Selecting an appropriate brand ambassador with which the rural population could relate itself with. Brand promotion by targeting folk and traditional culture. To think local we have to act local. Distribution Strategy- There is a need to extend CCIs distribution channel especially in rural sector. Creating an Extended Distribution channel available all over India, it will provide support to TV commercials. Branding Strategy- There is a need to restructure the communication channel, which will bring open and honest views of the people (public, media, employees, suppliers, state and national government, channels). It is the only solution to resolve the issues in a way that it benefits the Indian consumers as well as CCI.

History of Cloning and the Future Prospect of Cloning Humans :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

History of Cloning and the Future Prospect of Cloning Humans In the first article, the author describes cloning as the process of creating a cell, tissue line or even a complete organism from a single cell. He says that the concept of cloning was introduced in 1903 and plants were the first living organisms to be cloned. He gives examples such as trees sending up runners, worms dividing into smaller worms and says that all these are clones. He then explains the various threads and experiments used over the years and how they have contributed to the field of cloning. The author states that the first research thread leading to experimental cloning involved laboratory stimulation of development through artificial fertilization. This was proven when artificial parthenogenesis of sea urchin eggs showed that fertilization was not necessary to make larval urchins. Transplantation was the second experimental manipulation of development. Nuclear transplantation was used to produce a clone from embryonic or adult cells. The third line of development was cell line and gene cloning. In this process, the scientists recombine the genetic material. Using nuclear transplantation, the first frog was cloned. After nuclear transplantation came recombinant DNA. This revolutionized the field of genetics presenting new techniques for cloning. Recombinant DNA showed that pieces of DNA could be transplanted from animals into bacteria. And after all this came the major breakthrough in the field of genetics and cloning. That was the cloning of the firs t sheep, Dolly. Dolly was a result of reproductive technology. It is a fact that living wombs are required as incubators and they are available because of advances in reproductive technologies and agriculture. Implantation techniques were not new in Dolly, but this step is essential for the process to work. Ian Wilmut and his team used these various established research threads to produce Dolly. There was one detail new in Dolly in a technical fact. That the nucleus came from an adult somatic rather than embryonic cell was not sufficiently radical scientifically that it should have evoked such strong reactions. The production of Dolly has raised mixed reactions all over the world.

Red Box

A. Case Overview Redbox is a wholly-owned subsidiary by Coinstar, Inc. For only $1 per night it offers movie rentals. The first kiosks were located at McDonald’s. On 31 March, 2010, the total number of installed Redbox and DVDCpress Kiosks was 24,800. Redbox’s main strategy is to have kiosks that contain mostly new releases of movies on DVDs in shopping areas that are visited a lot. The rental fee is cheap, only $1 per night and the whole order and return process is fast, simple and easy for the customer.With its many kiosks, Redbox built a strong brand reputation. B. Analysis The SWOT analysis shows that Redbox’s strengths are its brand recognition and financial power, with being successful it can add more kiosks at good locations. It has built relationships with the chain retailers of its parent company Coinstar, Inc. and it offers value by offering very affordable movie rentals to customers. Redbox’s weakness is that it offers no online delivery yet. It s opportunities are expansion to other underserved and very good areas in the US, Puerto Rico, and UK.It can also further its expansion internationally. There is lots of existing and potential revenue growth at existing kiosks. Redbox has the strength to attract customers away from other competitors like Blockbuster. Redbox’s threats are services like Netflix that offer movie streaming online, companies that offer internet delivery of movies, Blockbuster building new kiosks and movie theaters when people are tired of watching movies at home. Redbox has lots of potential for further growth in revenue and popularity.It has to pay attention to shifts in customer’s preferences on how to watch a movie and adapt to changes. Porter’s Five Forces show that competition from rivals is strong, especially Blockbuster and Netflix. There is no product differentiation in movies. The threat of new entrants is weak because in order to compete with Redbox, it requires a lot of ca pital and building same good relationships to suppliers (movie production companies) as Redbox already has. The movie as a product can be easily substituted and people can buy instead of rent or watch something online.The buyers’ bargaining power is modest because buyers can either rent or buy or watch online and the switching costs are low. C. Recommendations Redbox should not miss the chance on expanding internationally. With its cheap movie rentals, it can attract customers from all classes in all countries and not be affected by economic crisis so strongly. It should also continue to do research on where to locate more kiosks and it should think about offering internet movie rentals. Also, it should continue to build and nurture good relationships with its suppliers.

Persuasive Research Paper

Persuasive Research Paper Persuasive Research Paper Persuasive research paper: Lead-in! Persuasive research papers are general-purpose in high school and college-level English or writing classes. The main idea of a persuasive research paper is to argue a specific side of the question. To know some statement points will be helpful for you during your writing process. Your teacher should keep you focused on the main point. But before you start creating the persuasive research paper, you first must choose an issue/problem to persuade the reader about, decide on a side of the issue to argue and research that side. Persuasive research paper: How to Write a Good Persuasive Research Paper? If you asking yourself this question, you have some doubts in correct writing research papers. However, you should know that there is no hopeless situation. You can always find a way out, and you almost had done it. If you are reading this article and recognizing yourself, it would be better to continue reading. And now, if you still want to write a persuasive research work successfully you should follow next advices:Try to make a preliminary plan/ scheme of your research paper. Write your topic/ theme at the top of the plan. This will give you a guiding point. Remember that all points in your paper, and on the plan, should move around and support the thesis. So the thesis should state the issue and the side of the issue that you are arguing. Try to use at least three main headings in your plan. Titles should begin with Roman numerals (I, II, III) Use a general title to identify definite angle on the issue/problem to persuade. As a rule, persuasive research papers begin with common information and move toward more special information. Try to use at least two paragraphs for each main heading. Do not forget that paragraphs should be numerated with the capital letters. Paragraphs are used to explain the main idea of sub-titles. Try to use as much classification as possible in your plan. Use numbers in further separation of the paragraph. Further classifications are used to give more information about each paragraph to support the argument. Now, when you have divided your persuasive research paper into parts (paragraphs, chapters), you should include all the information from your research in the parts, where it belongs. Try to use whole the variety of sources. Use citations and well-known quotations for your sources to help you remember which source to use in the research paper. Source information should not be included as one of the main category; backwards, try to use it as a paragraph. Persuasive research paper: Flashback! Try to write persuasive research paper carefully and accurately. Only in such case you will get a good result, pay attention to the subject of writing and your personal style. Pay attention to errors! When you finished creating research, take a rest and later with new forces try to check your work. Hope, this article was useful for you, and you got some experience in writing persuasive research paper.

Time Perception in an Altered State of Consciousness Essays

Time Perception in an Altered State of Consciousness Essays Time Perception in an Altered State of Consciousness Paper Time Perception in an Altered State of Consciousness Paper The hypothesis that ere was no difference in the mean estimate of relaxation reported by those who are skilled at relaxation and those who are not was unsupported, as a significant difference was found. It was concluded that those who are skilled at relaxation would report a higher level of relaxation and those who were not skilled at relaxation would report a lower level of relaxation. The perception of time during an altered state of consciousness This study explored how time was perceived during a relaxed state; more specifically, it investigated whether people who said they were skilled at elation reported a deeper level of relaxation than people who said they were not so skilled. Relaxation can be viewed as an altered state of consciousness as it is a state that is dramatically different from ordinary responsiveness and awareness. The standard state of consciousness is defined as being alert, awake and responsive to the environment and ones own mental activities (Lepton and Brannon, 2006). This study has been adapted from Gravitas Laurie (1 991), who in turn adapted it from Volcano. Volcano (1938). They too looked at the effect that an altered state of consciousness had on time perception, but did not delve into the question of whether those who were skilled at relaxation were more adept at achieving it. Button (2004) also investigated time perception and found that time seemed to pass slowly when an individual was highly conscious of themselves and their environment, whilst time speed up when an individual was in a more relaxed state when the individuals consciousness of the situation and of themselves is low. Vital et al. (2005) believed that relaxation was a psychologically induced state which reduced autonomic and central arousal, but gain did not delve any further to how the participants who were skilled at relaxation and those who were not experienced it. Assign (1988) discussed the different states of mind and consciousness, whilst Graff Grinding (2006) looked at time perception not in relation to relaxation, but to time-based prospective memory. Although there has been no evident previous research on how skilled and unskilled practitioners of relaxation experience relaxation, this study can extend on and expand the Common-sense belief that those who are skilled at relaxation would be better at achieving it and would report a deeper level f relaxation than those who are not skilled. The aim of the present study is therefore to investigate whether or not there is a difference in the reported level of relaxation by those who are skilled at relaxing and those who are not. It is hypothesized that there is a difference in the mean estimate in personal relaxation level between those who are skilled relaxation practitioners and those who are unskilled relaxation practitioners. Method Participants The participants were undergraduate students studying introductory at University in and in There were 174 participants in total (M = 20 years, R = 16 45 years), 37 men and 137 women, who were participating as it was a required task in the course. Each class was randomly allocated to a group and a set of instructions. There were 57 participants in the control condition, whilst there were 63 in the experimental 1 condition (which involved meditative relaxation) and there were 54 participants in the experimental 2 condition (which involved doodling). Each group had a varied number of males and females in it. Design The dependent variable was perception of time, whilst the independent variable was the method of relaxation. The designs for the experiment are the following; 1. Between groups experimental design (v. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2. Correlation design (v. 1, 2 and 4) 3. Qualitative survey (v. 6) The variables in this experiment are; 1. Estimate of time elapsed whole number of minutes 2. Estimate of personal relaxation loophole number from 1 to 10 3. Sex Male / Female 4. Age 17 to ? In whole years 5. Skilled at relaxation yes / no 6. Preferred relaxation activity (description) Materials The experimenter needed a clock or watch to be able to keep a track of how much time has passed, but the participants did not have access to either of Hess. The experimenter also needed three different sets of instructions (see Appendix B, C D) to give to the participants that detailed what they were meant to do and how they were going to relax. A quiet room free from distractions (such as external noise) was needed to hold the experiment in, one that would preferably be carpeted and have furniture that could be moved around. Each participant was also supplied with pen and paper, and a survey (see Appendix A) which was to be filled out at the end of the experiment. Procedure The participants were told that they would be learning a method for relaxation, ND were asked to remove their watches. Each class was assigned a different group and given a different set of instructions. One class was Condition 1, an experimental group, and given Instruction Set 1 (see Appendix B), which had authentic meditative relaxation instructions. Another was Condition 2, the control group, and given Instruction Set 2 (see Appendix C), which had basic quieting instructions. The last class was Condition 3, experimental group 2, and given Instruction Set 3 (see Appendix B), which had instructions to do an active but relaxing task- free doodling. Once the instructions were distributed, Condition 1 (experimental group) and Condition 2 (control group) were asked to move the furniture to the perimeter of the room, sit comfortably on the floor, and follow the instructions they were given. Condition 3 (experimental group 3) did not move the furniture; instead, they were seated at their tables and asked to follow the instructions they were given on free doodling. The experimenter gave the start signal for the participants to begin, and after 14 minutes, gave the stop signal.

Hematology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hematology - Coursework Example Neutrophils contain primary (azurophilic) and secondary granules. Primary granules contain a enzymes and molecules that play a role in killing microbes, including hydrolases, elastase, myeloperoxidase, cationic proteins, defensins, and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein. Secondary granules contain unique molecules such as lactoferrin, vitamin B12–binding protein, NADPH oxidase (which produces hydrogen peroxide), and chemoattractants receptors. The nucleus of neutrophils normally contains up to four segments, which is why they are also known as polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells. Neutrophils are phagocytes that perform the functions of immune surveillance and in situ elimination of microorganisms and cell debris. They circulate in the blood and also line vascular endothelium. They are the first immune cells to arrive at the site of inflammation through chemotaxis, and rapidly extravasate into the surrounding tissues. In the tissues, they release the degradative enzymes in their secondary granules that kills bacteria but also causes tissue destruction. They carry out phagocytosis to engulf opsonized cell debris and microorganisms that they come in contact with. The vacuole with the phagocytosed organism is fused with the primary granules, causing the oxidative and antimicrobial enzymes to access and kill the ingested microorganism. Neutrophils self-destruct after a life of 1-4 days in tissues. - Lymphocyte There are two main types of lymphocytes: B cells and T cells. They are round cells with a large, round nucleus and scant cytoplasm. Lymphocytes govern the acquired arm of immunity, they are responsible for mounting a specific host immune response targeted against a particular invading organism. B cell precursors are produced in the bone marrow, but they migrate to the peripheral lymphoid organs, where they undergo maturation with antigen exposure to plasma cells. An important function of plasma cells is to produce immunoglobulins (Igs). A major func tion of immunoglobulins is to act as antibodies. Antibodies help degrade and clear foreign substances by binding to specific microorganisms’ molecules called antigens, a process termed opsonization, and produce specific results including antibody-mediated cellular toxicity and activation of the complement system that destroys foreign cells. There are hundreds of thousands of different B cells in the body at a time, each is capable of producing an immunoglobin specific to a microbe, this arsenal of B cells makes the body capable of mounting an antibody response against nearly every possible virus, bacteria, fungus and protozoa that can be encountered. T cells similarly undergo maturation in peripheral lymphoid organs and the thymus, they produce ‘T cell receptors’ specific to foreign microbes. Activation of T cells requires interaction of the T cell receptor with an antigen-presenting cell; activated T cells are responsible for delayed-type immunity. There are 2 m ain types of T cells: CD4 cells, called T helper cells, which produce cytokines that activate B cells (by IL-4 and IL-5), macrophages (by IFN-gamma) and other immune cells. CD8 cells, also called T cytotoxic cells, destroy cells with intracellular microorganisms such as M. tuberculosis, virus-infected cells, tumor cells and allografts. - Monocyte Monocytes are circulating agranulocytes with a kidney-shaped nucleus. They have two main functions: phagocytosis of microorganisms, and presentation of antigens to T cells to activate the acquired arm of immunity. They are released from the bone marrow and circulate in blood for about 72 hours before migrating into tissues to transform into macrophages to carry out their functions. They have surface receptors that can recognize bacteria, such as Toll-like

Cover letter Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cover letter - Article Example The best paper I wrote for this course, in my opinion, is the one about smartphones. This is a topic that will continue to build interest, as more and more apps become available and people spend more and more time with their heads bent over these small devices. When I wrote my earliest draft of this piece, I did not include enough in the area of detail to make my own points vibrant enough for the reader. As a result, the ideas that made a lot of sense to me did not come through adequately for my peers who reviewed the paper for me. So when I revised the paper, I needed to go back in and help the reader view the topic from the perspective from which I was viewing it. This did not mean that the reader had to agree with my opinion, necessarily; rather, it meant that I needed to be able to make my perspective understandable. If I continued to have more time on that paper, I would have done some more research about smartphone usage statistics. I have been floored by the number of people I see using these devices in ways that just make no sense to me. I don’t know why people would sit and text while they are driving, and I certainly don’t know why someone would sit and Facebook their way through what is supposed to be a romantic evening out, or even through a family meal. My ongoing weakness is an assumption that the reader can see things the way I see them, or that I don’t have to communicate my own viewpoint thoroughly enough for the reader to be able to understand it. This means that I leave out details that seem obvious to me, for the simple reason that I think the reader should be able to â€Å"see† a point that is clear to me. This means that my points end up being confusing, at times, to the reader. To help with the editing of my smartphone paper, I had several of my peers read through the rough draft. Their purpose was not so much to point out

Flannery o'conner's - any topic use of faith violence or compare two Essay

Flannery o'conner's - any topic use of faith violence or compare two stories - Essay Example This daughter, and subsequently the rest of her family, is eventually taken advantage of by a drifter of some kind that enters the family’s world for a brief period. Despite this similarity, particularly in the characters of Hulga Hopewell and Lucynell Crater (the younger), the two somehow defective and unmarried daughters, O’Connor manages to convey widely different messages. By comparing the two daughters within these stories and their unique experiences, as they measure up against known trademarks of O’Connor’s writing style, it is possible to find O’Connor’s general worldview regarding the nature of evil in the world but also her hope that there might still be some good left in it as well. It is in contrasting these characters that one begins to understand O’Connor’s ideas of the loss of innocence and what makes a person defective. In â€Å"Good Country People,† a small household of women gets a visit from a young door-to-door Bible salesman. One of these women is Hulga Hopewell, who is 32 years old and feels herself ugly beyond belief. Although she has earned a Ph.D. in philosophy, she must wear a false leg because her natural leg had been shot off in an accident when she was a child. She finds no inner value in her ability to think and can only judge herself by her outward appearance, purposely suiting her inner character in every way she can devise to match with this outer perception. While her mother invites the salesman in and considers him ‘good country people’ like she is, meaning they share many of the same morals, values and ethics, Hulga does not believe in anything so prosaic. As a means of acting out against this ideal of the ‘good country people’, Hulga determines to seduce this young man as soon as he shows the slightest interest in her. She reasons if she can sed uce something as good, pure and sweet as the man her mother chooses to see, the epitome of

Project Manager Status Report Essay Example for Free

Project Manager Status Report Essay Provide a quick executive overview of the status of the project in this section It is intended for high level management so it should not get too much into the details of the project. However, it should highlight anything specific, which should be brought to their attention. The Scope/Schedule/Cost/Quality table above is a quick way to present a color coded dashboard for the status report. Typically a variance of +/- 5% will warrant a yellow cautionary color and +/- 10% will warrant a red warning color. For a project which needs tighter control +/- 2% and +/- 5% are used for these thresholds; whereas, other projects with less strict control may use 10% and 20% variances. The percent complete here should be the percent completion of the entire project. For any constraint which is yellow or red this section should contain brief explanation the reason why. Example: The project schedule is 7% behind schedule due to inclement weather which has affected the installation of the fiber optics throughout the campus. This should not affect the project completion date as crews are planning to make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. The project risks is red due to the inclement weather and servers which were delivered last month werent configured with the correct hardware specifications. The impact of the inclement weather on the schedule will be mitigated by having crews make up the time by working weekends and extended hours next month. Currently we are working with the server vendor to resolve the server hardware configuration problem. The configuration delivered will not handle the work load of going live in two months; however, it is sufficient for development and testing activities scheduled prior to going live. Once you have finished understanding this section you can just highlight the directions and example and place your specific information for your team’s weekly report. Work Planed for Last Month For this section you can copy the Worked Planned for Next Week section from last weeks status report and paste it into this section. Work Completed Last Week In this section you should provide a highlight of work performed and milestones and/or deliverables met during the past week. Work Planned For Next Week Provide an overview of the work being performed during the next week and any milestones or deliverables you expect to meet. Open Issues This section should contain a list of open issues along with their status. Open Risks This section should contain a list of all open risks (risks which have occurred, or are on the verge of occurring). Deliverables and Milestones This section is a quick table, which shows the status of the project milestones and deliverables. The first column is for the name of the Milestone or Deliverable as its in the project plan. The next column is the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) number, this makes it easier to find the milestone/deliverable in the project plan (You will create WBS numbers when you create your Work Breakdown Structure form, so for now you can just leave this blank). Planned is the planned date according to the approved project plan, the forecasted is the date you expect and actual is the actual date the milestone was met or deliverable was delivered. The status is a simple one or two word status such as; completed, on schedule, behind schedule, accepted, etc. Milestone WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Deliverable WBS Planned Forecasted Actual Status Open Change Requests Use this section to track all changes to the project and report the status of those changes. Tracking of changes starts with the request for the change, tracks the approval status and ends when the change is added to the project, the project plan and schedule update and it has become a part of the project. (You can create your own change request numbers) EXAMPLE Change Request Name Change Request Number Request Date Current Status Add xyz Functionality CR55043 3/14/20xx In Review by Change Control Board Add Redundant Servers CR55012 2/17/20xx Approved and Being Added to the Project Plan Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Many managers turn right to this section as it provide a clear view of the status of the project according the earned value metrics. In your project you need to decide which metrics to monitor, but be sure not to include too many as you may end up providing the same information but in different forms. We like to track SV, SPI, CV and CPI in the layout below. Next to the schedule and cost headings you should state whether the project is ahead of or behind schedule and over or under budget. Notice we left out the word on it is highly unlikely that you. If you like you can also include a paragraph at the beginning of this section presenting the earned value results in verbose. IF a budget is involved you will need to include information in this section: Schedule Project is Ahead of/Behind Schedule Schedule Variance (SV):$xxxx Schedule Performance Index (SPI):x.xx Cost Project is Over/Under Budget Cost Variance (CV):$xxx Cost Performance Index (CPI):x.xx

Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games

Impact of the 2012 Olympic Games ASSIGNMENT 1 Analyse one particular sporting event, one series of sporting events (e.g. The FA Cup) or one sporting organisation in the UK. Analysis should cover the events/s or organisations social, cultural, political and economic significance in the UK. You may choose which sporting event, which series of sporting events or which organisation that you wish to analyse. This essay will analyse the benefits that the 2012 Olympic Games will and has brought to the UK. The London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring many benefits to the UK this essay intends to look at several of these opportunities; these opportunities include the development of sport, increase in tourism and increase in economic activity throughout the UK. (reference) Local authorities are already using the inspiration of the Games to spread wider social, economic and sporting benefits to their communities in the run up to the 2012. This will be the basis for a long term and UK wide legacy from the Games. The local Government Association has worked with local authorities to identify six UK wide legacy benefits: Inspiring children and young people Raising our sporting game and influencing healthier lifestyles Volunteering Championing culture Generating and supporting tourism Boosting the local economy Many of these legacy benefits are already important to local communities, and local authorities are working hard to partners to improve performance and service delivery. The 2012 Games provide a unique catalyst to reach new groups of people, bring new partners to the table and help local authorities achieve existing targets. (reference) Staging the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in 2012 is an opportunity to bring about positive change on a massive scale. The Games would not only add to the UKs nations sporting heritage but will also celebrate the diversity of the capital. It is a unique chance to showcase the best of London to the world and would generate huge benefits for all those who live or work in the city: Boost for Sport: A London 2012 Games would accelerate the delivery of new world-class sports infrastructure for the UK and London in particular. For example, after the Games, the athletics Stadium, Aquatics Centre, Velodrome, Indoor Sports Arena, Hockey Centre, Canoe Slalom will all be available for use by the community as well as elite athletes. The 2012 Olympic Games is most likely to create extraordinary levels of interest from local authorities and business that would most likely open up further channels of funding for sport at all levels. Based on the experiences of former host Olympic countries, funding for the development of elite athletes in the years running up to the Games would increase. Hosting teams for many months before the Games could also act as a catalyst for developing and refurbishing existing UK sports facilities. The 2012 Olympic Games will increase the amount of jobs, will provide skills for people and will provide a boost for Business. Every sector of the economy will also benefit from the staging of the Olympic Games. Thousands of UK companies, small and large will be needed to deliver the Games i.e., construction, manufacturing, catering, merchandise, services etc, creating valuable procurement opportunities. The experience from Sydney showed that New South Wales business won over A$1Billion in contracts for the Games (PWC report), over A$300M from regional companies with 55,000 people receiving employment related training. The Australian experience shows that around 125 teams from 39 countries undertook pre-Games training in locations across New South Wales. This training is estimated to have injected some A$70 million into the States economy (PWC, 2002). This activity commenced as early as 1997 when the Belgian athletics team trained at Narrabeen. Londons tourism industry will receive a significant boost, not just for the duration of the Games but in the run up to and long after the Games. An example of how an area can benefit from the 2012 Olympic Games is the increase in local visitor economy in Dorset, Weymouth and Portland. They will host the Sailing events in 2012. The Spirit of the Sean festival, which celebrates the areas close relationship with the sea, has completed its second year and is going from strength to strength. Last years festival showcased around 50 activities at 27 venues. The festival brings together a range of sporting and cultural events, including water sports competitions for people of all ages and standards, concerts on the beach, the Dorset Seafood festival, the Henri Lloyd Weymouth Regatta and the Moving Tides Childrens Procession. As well as encouraging people to be more active and get involved with local cultural opportunities, each visitor to the festival spent on average of  £68, providing an important boost to the economy. Dorset and its partners will be using the councils beacon status to share learning on how to secure a tourism legacy from the 2012 Games with other local authorities. A London Games would also provide many new learning opportunities for Londoners to train and develop their skills. Thousands of new jobs will be created by building the new park that will be connected to the tidal Thames estuary. Up to 70,000 volunteers would be required to help run the Games in 2012. This would require the biggest volunteer recruitment drive in UK peacetime, providing a unique boost both to sport specific, and general, volunteering in the UK. An example of this is Kent County councils aim to secure maximum benefit and long-term legacy from the Games. A key project of the campaign is the Kent event team, which has used Games as a catalyst to recruit volunteers for events and one off sport, leisure and cultural activities across the count. The Kent event team is a partnership between Kent county council and the voluntary sector. Voluntary Action Maidstone is the lead voluntary sector partner. In its first 18months, a manager and voluntary support staff were appointed, 700 volunteers and 40 organisations were registered and 20 events were supported. These included sporting, cultural and artistic events and festivals. The Kent event team aims to: Enable people who are unable or unwilling to make a long term commitment to volunteer on a flexible, one off basis. Support the voluntary, community, statutory and private sectors to develop good practice in volunteer management with regard to community events Deliver a network of volunteers available for wider community use after the 2012 Games. An Olympic host nation is obliged by the IOC to stage various large scale â€Å"test events† such as world championships ahead of the Games. In addition, International Sports Federations are keen to hold world and European championships and other major events in the Olympic host country to enable their athletes to acclimatise with that country. Such events can deliver several million pounds to the relevant town/host city. E.g. Birmingham City Council concluded that hosting of the World Indoor Athletics Championships and World Badminton Championships in 2003 had a positive economic impact of  £3.5M and  £2.5M respectively. (reference) Creative Capital: Creative Industries is the fastest growing sector in London, responsible for one in five new jobs in the capital. An Olympic cultural Programme is a major aspect of the Games. From concerts in the parks to street theatre, the Games would provide a platform for talented artists in London to showcase their skills to a global audience. A UK-wide Olympic Torch Relay in 2012 possibly lasting several months is likely to involve every major city and town in the UK. Stage managers, lighting technicians, producers and artists will be needed to deliver the Games. Training programmes will ensure that the skills are embedded within the creative sector for future generations. Boosting Health and Sporting success: Hosting the worlds greatest sporting event given the passion, excitement and interest likely to be generated would boost Government initiatives to promote participation in sport and physical activity at all levels. Physical Change: The Olympic Games would bring forward one of the largest and most significant urban regeneration projects ever undertaken in the UK, through the transformation of the Lower Lea Valley in east London. The area has already been identified as a priority by the Government, the Mayor and the LDA. The building of the Olympic Park and the different venues has many economic and social benefits which in turn has a positive impact on local communities in London and different parts of the UK. The transport throughout London will be improved in order to smoothly transport thousands of officials, athletes and spectators to the Games. Some of the improvements will be a  £1bn improvement to the London East line, a Channel Tunnel Shuttle link from Stratford to Kings Cross, and extensions to the DLR. The development of the Olympic Park would increase the amount of green space, conserve local biodiversity, wetlands, improve air, soil and water quality in the area. The park will be planted with many different trees and plants. The waterways and canal of the River Lea will be cleaned and made wider; the natural floodplains of the area will be restored to provide a new wetland habitat for wildlife, birdwatchers and ecologists to enjoy in the middle of the city. The Games would set new standards for sustainable production, consumption and recycling of natural resources. This approach echoes the ethos of Towards a One Planet Olympics, applicable to cities in both the developed and developing worlds. There are many benefits that the Games will have on the UK but one of the main benefits of the Games will be the building of 5,000 homes following the renovation of the Olympic Village after the games. Officials and athletes will stay in the Olympic Village during the Games and then after the Games the village will be converted into housing for workers such as nurses and teachers. Housing will also be built on the Olympic Park site after the Games, this will provide further amenities for the local community which will include cafes, shops, restaurants etc. This equality impact assessment of the Olympic delivery authority (ODA) Lighting Strategy has sought to assess the likely impact of the delivery of the lightining strategy on the equality target groups. The ODA Equality and inclusion programme, the ODAs equality and diversity strategy and the ODAs three equality schemes covering race, disability and gender equality. The overreaching aim of the ODA is to create an inclusive Games, which promoted good equality practices and access for all. This mission extends the aims of the ODA beyond these statutory duties to include the newer equality strands of age, religion and sexual orientation and other inclusion issues centred on socio-economic, culture and political disadvantage. The ODA are using a wider range of diverse suppliers, this will help to promote equal opportunities to everyone and hopefully will erase discrimination in the workplace by doing this recruiting and managing employees would be considered as fair. The ODA are working with other organisations to offer training to minority ethnic people, women and disabled people to encourage them to apply for jobs in the construction of the 2012 Olympic Games where they have been under represented. The ODA want to create an inclusive 2012 Olympic Games which will be inclusive for all people, ways in which they will do this is by providing a reachable transport network that will allow everyone to enjoy the Games and by involving the local communities. If all the above is achieved by the ODA then the 2012 Olympic Games will leave a lasting legacy for equality and inclusion. The London organising committee of the Olympic and Paralympic games plan to get women, disabled people and BAME people actively involved in sport by raising awareness so a wider range of people watch the 2012 Games and influencing key partners to train young people in sports volunteering, coaching and other related skills. They will also challenge discrimination in sport by spreading positive messages, supporting programmes that promote equality and making full use of the London 2012 Paralympic games to inspire disabled people. They hope that with the right approach that the 2012 Games will benefit everyone.